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New BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants)* report just added!learn more
You are made of cells. And the cells in your body have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Your
chromosomes are made of DNA, which can tell you a lot about you. Explore your 23 pairs
today.
Your DNA analysis is performed in US laboratories that are certified to meet CLIA
standards—the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988.
A CLIA-certified lab must meet certain quality standards, including qualifications
for individuals who perform the test and other standards that ensure the accuracy
and reliability of results.
We use leading technology to genotype your DNA—a custom Illumina HumanOmniExpress-24
format chip.
Here are just a few of the things people frequently ask about 23andMe.
If you don't see your question here,
get in touch with us.
23andMe was founded in 2006 to help people access, understand and benefit
from the human genome.
We have more than five million genotyped customers around the world.
In 2015, 23andMe was granted authorization by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) to market the first direct-to-consumer genetic test.
23andMe offers two Personal Genetic Services: Health + Ancestry and Ancestry. Both services require submitting
a saliva sample using our saliva collection kit that you send to the lab for analysis.
Our Health + Ancestry Service provides insights on your genetic health risks*, carrier status*, traits,
wellness and ancestry. We analyze, compile and distill the information extracted from your
DNA into 90+ reports you can access online and share with family and friends.
See full list of reports offered.
Our Ancestry Service helps you understand who you are, where your DNA comes from and your family story. We
analyze, compile and distill your DNA information into reports on your Ancestry Composition,
Maternal & Paternal Haplogroups, Neanderthal
Ancestry, Your DNA Family and provide a DNA Relatives tool to enable you to connect with relatives who share
similar DNA.
If you have the Health + Ancestry Service you have access to the full 23andMe experience. If you only have the
Ancestry Service, you can easily upgrade to the Health + Ancestry Service for
$125 which gives you access to all
90+ reports on ancestry, traits and health. You are eligible to upgrade once you
have received your Ancestry reports. To upgrade, log in to your 23andMe account and navigate to the Settings
page. You will receive immediate access to your new health reports.
You may save up to $25 if you
purchase the $199 Health + Ancestry Service
instead of the $99 Ancestry Service as the fee for
adding health reports later is $125
($224 total). We may
offer special discounted upgrades from time to time.
23andMe is the first and only genetic service available
directly to you that includes reports that meet FDA
standards for clinical and scientific validity.
Our rigorous quality standards:
Genetic Health Risk* and Carrier Status* reports meet FDA criteria for
being scientifically and clinically valid
All saliva samples are processed in CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited labs
Our DNA collection kit is FDA-cleared for use with our Genetic Health Risk
and Carrier Status reports manufactured in accordance with FDA's Good Manufacturing
Practice regulations
Genotyping is a well-established and reliable platform for analyzing DNA
Our team of scientists and medical experts use a rigorous process to
develop and design each report, ensuring validity and ease of use
Ancestry percentages are derived from our powerful, well-tested system
that provides you with ancestry estimates down to the 0.1%
You choose how your genetic information is used and shared with others. We
tell you how those choices are implemented and how we collect, use and
disclose your information.
We will not share your individual-level information with any third party
without your explicit consent
We support the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) and other
similar laws that protect individuals from being discriminated against
based on their genetics and will not provide your information or results
to employers or health insurance companies
We have guidelines and policies in place to protect the personal
information of children as well as incapacitated or deceased individuals
We do not provide information to law enforcement unless we are required
to comply with a valid subpoena or a court-ordered request
*The 23andMe PGS test uses qualitative genotyping to detect select clinically
relevant variants in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of
reporting and interpreting genetic health risks and reporting carrier status.
It is not intended to diagnose any disease. Your ethnicity may affect the
relevance of each report and how your genetic health risk results are
interpreted. Each genetic health risk report describes if a person has
variants associated with a higher risk of developing a disease, but does
not describe a person’s overall risk of developing the disease. The test
is not intended to tell you anything about your current state of health, or
to be used to make medical decisions, including whether or not you should
take a medication, how much of a medication you should take, or determine
any treatment. Our carrier status reports can be used to determine carrier
status, but cannot determine if you have two copies of any genetic variant.
These carrier reports are not intended to tell you anything about your risk
for developing a disease in the future, the health of your fetus, or your
newborn child's risk of developing a particular disease later in life. For
certain conditions, we provide a single report that includes information on
both carrier status and genetic health risk.
Warnings & Limitations: The 23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants) is indicated for reporting of the 185delAG and 5382insC variants in the BRCA1 gene and the 6174delT variant in the BRCA2 gene. The report describes if a woman is at increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, and if a man is at increased risk of developing breast cancer or may be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. The three variants included in this report are most common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and do not represent the majority of BRCA1/BRCA2 variants in the general population. This report does not include variants in other genes linked to hereditary cancers and the absence of variants included in this report does not rule out the presence of other genetic variants that may impact cancer risk. The PGS test is not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional for recommended screenings or appropriate follow-up. Results should be confirmed in a clinical setting before taking any medical action.
For important information and limitations regarding each genetic health risk and carrier status
report, visit
23andme.com/test-info/
*The 23andMe PGS test uses qualitative genotyping to detect select clinically
relevant variants in the genomic DNA of adults from saliva for the purpose of
reporting and interpreting genetic health risks and reporting carrier status.
It is not intended to diagnose any disease. Your ethnicity may affect the
relevance of each report and how your genetic health risk results are
interpreted. Each genetic health risk report describes if a person has
variants associated with a higher risk of developing a disease, but does
not describe a person’s overall risk of developing the disease. The test
is not intended to tell you anything about your current state of health, or
to be used to make medical decisions, including whether or not you should
take a medication, how much of a medication you should take, or determine
any treatment. Our carrier status reports can be used to determine carrier
status, but cannot determine if you have two copies of any genetic variant.
These carrier reports are not intended to tell you anything about your risk
for developing a disease in the future, the health of your fetus, or your
newborn child's risk of developing a particular disease later in life. For
certain conditions, we provide a single report that includes information on
both carrier status and genetic health risk.
CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE
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latest updates from 23andMe, please provide your
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1 variant in the LRPPRC
gene; relevant for French Canadian descent
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2D
1 variant in the SGCA
gene
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2E
1 variant in the SGCB
gene; relevant for Amish descent
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I
1 variant in the FKRP
gene
MCAD Deficiency
4 variants in the ACADM
gene; relevant for European descent
Maple Syrup Urine Disease Type 1B
2 variants in the BCKDHB
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Mucolipidosis Type IV
1 variant in the MCOLN1
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (CLN5-Related)
1 variant in the CLN5
gene; relevant for Finnish descent
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (PPT1-Related)
3 variants in the PPT1
gene; relevant for Finnish descent
Niemann-Pick Disease Type A
3 variants in the SMPD1
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome
1 variant in the NBN
gene
Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss and Deafness, DFNB1 (GJB2-Related)
2 variants in the GJB2
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish, European descent
Pendred Syndrome and DFNB4 Hearing Loss (SLC26A4-Related)
6 variants in the SLC26A4
gene
Phenylketonuria and Related Disorders
23 variants in the PAH
gene; relevant for Irish, Northern European descent
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2
1 variant in the GRHPR
gene
Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type 1
1 variant in the PEX7
gene
Salla Disease
1 variant in the SLC17A5
gene; relevant for Finnish, Swedish descent
Sickle Cell Anemia
1 variant in the HBB
gene; relevant for African American, African descent
Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome
1 variant in the ALDH3A2
gene; relevant for Swedish descent
Tay-Sachs Disease
4 variants in the HEXA
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish, Cajun descent
Tyrosinemia Type I
4 variants in the FAH
gene; relevant for French Canadian, Finnish descent
Usher Syndrome Type 1F
1 variant in the PCDH15
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Usher Syndrome Type 3A
1 variant in the CLRN1
gene; relevant for Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum (PEX1-Related)
1 variant in the PEX1
gene
CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE
Thanks for your interest. If you'd like to be
notified if this offering becomes available and get the
latest updates from 23andMe, please provide your
email address.
Please enter a valid email
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in conjunction with this email service. I understand that I
may withdraw my consent and unsubscribe at any time.
See our 150+ regions worldwide
European
British & Irish
Ireland
United Kingdom
French & German
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Switzerland
Scandinavian
Denmark
Iceland
Norway
Sweden
Ashkenazi Jewish
Sardinian
Italian
Italy
Malta
Iberian
Portugal
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Broadly East Asian
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Western Asian & North African
North African & Arabian
Algeria
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Broadly Western Asian & North African
Sub-Saharan African
West African
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
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Liberia
Nigeria
East African
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Ethiopia
Kenya
Somalia
Sudan
African Hunter-Gatherer
Broadly Sub-Saharan African
South Asian
Broadly South Asian
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
India
Mauritius
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Melanesian
Broadly Melanesian
American Samoa
Fiji
Samoa
Tonga
The Amish are a group of people residing mainly in the central regions of the United States.
Descended from Swiss and German ancestors, the group is defined by religious and cultural
practices, including strong church membership and limits on the use of technology.
Your DNA can tell you about your family history. Reports include: Ancestry
Composition, Haplogroups, Neanderthal Ancestry, Your DNA Family
Those who trace their roots to Jewish settlers in Central and Eastern Europe during the Middle
Ages.
North African Berbers are people of mixed Arab and Berber origin. They live in communities across the North African Maghreb region, which includes the countries of Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Libya.
Test Examples
Relevant Ethnicities
Bloom Syndrome
Ashkenazi Jewish
Sickle Cell Anemia
African
Tay-Sachs Disease
Ashkenazi Jewish, Cajun
If you are starting a family, find out if you are a carrier for an inherited
condition. Example reports include: Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia,
Hereditary Hearing Loss
Find and connect with relatives in the 23andMe database who share DNA with you.
Learn how your genetics can influence your risk for certain diseases.
Example reports include: Celiac Disease, Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease
Learn the origins of your maternal and paternal ancestors and where they lived thousands
of years ago.
Women can only trace their paternal haplogroup by connecting to a male relative - such as a father, brother, or
paternal male cousin. This is because the paternal haplogroup is traced through the Y chromosome, which women do
not inherit.
Explore what makes you unique, from food preferences to physical features.
Example reports include: Male Bald Spot, Sweet vs. Salty, Unibrow
Learn how your genes play a role in your well-being and lifestyle choices.
Example reports include: Deep Sleep, Lactose Intolerance, Genetic Weight
Select report category
Learn more about Genetic Health Risks and
Carrier Status reports, genetic counseling and what to
know about test results.
For more information about other reports included in our Health +
Ancestry Service, including Wellness, Traits and Ancestry, click here.
The following information applies to Genetic Health Risk reports only.
What you should know
23andMe Genetic Health Risk Reports:
What you should know
Genetic Health Risk reports tell you about genetic variants associated with increased
risk for certain health conditions. They do not diagnose cancer or any other health conditions or
determine medical action.
Having a risk variant does not mean you will definitely develop a health condition.
Similarly, you could still develop the condition even if you don't have a variant detected. It is
possible to have other genetic risk variants not included in these reports.
Factors like lifestyle and environment can also affect whether a person develops
most health conditions. Our reports cannot tell you about your overall risk for these conditions, and
they cannot determine if you will or will not develop a condition.
These reports do not replace visits to a healthcare professional. Consult with a
healthcare professional for help interpreting and using genetic results. Results should
not be used to make medical decisions.
There are many things to think about when deciding whether genetic testing is right for you. Although
these tests can provide important information about health risks, they can also be upsetting or raise
questions about what the results mean. Genetic tests also have certain limitations that are important to
understand. Your personal and family medical history, as well as your goals for testing, should all factor into
your decisions about whether and how to test.
A genetic counselor, a healthcare professional with special training in genetic conditions, will be able to
answer your questions and help you make an informed choice. We recommend that you speak with a
genetic counselor before testing, and also after testing to help you understand your results and what
actions you should take. This is especially important for health conditions that are preventable or treatable.
Genetic counselors can help you navigate common questions, such as:
What are the risks and benefits of genetic testing?
Are there diseases that run in the family?
How do you handle potentially distressing information?
What are you hoping to find out from genetic testing?
Talk to your healthcare provider or click here to search for a genetic counselor near
you (this link takes you to a page managed by the National Society of Genetic Counselors:
http://www.aboutgeneticcounselors.com/).
Variant(s) not detected
You do not have the variant(s) we tested. Since these tests do not include all variants that
may impact your risk of developing a condition, you may still have another variant that could
affect your risk. Non-genetic factors may also affect your risk.
Variant(s) detected
You have one or more of the variants we tested. You may be at increased risk for the condition based on this
result. This does not mean you will definitely develop the condition. Other factors may also affect your risk.
Result not determined
Your test result could not be determined. This can be caused by random test error or other factors that
interfere with the test.
In some cases, the laboratory may not be able to
process your sample. If this happens, we will notify you
by email and you may request one free replacement
kit.
Other companies offering genetic risk tests may
include different variants for the same health condition.
This means that it's possible to get different results
using a test from a different company.
What to do with the results
If your report says you have variants associated with increased risk
Consider sharing the result with a healthcare professional.
Certain results, such as having a variant detected for the BRCA1/
BRCA2 (Selected Variants) report, may warrant prompt follow-up
with a healthcare professional, since effective options may exist
to prevent or reduce risk for disease. Each report will provide
more specific guidance.
Consider sharing your results with relatives. They may also have these variants. Keep in mind that some people may not want to know information about genetic health risks.
If your report says you do not have any risk variants detected
Continue to follow screening and other healthy behaviors
recommended by your healthcare provider. This is because our
reports do not cover all factors that might influence risk.
Concerned about your risk?
If you have other risk factors for the condition, you should discuss the condition with a doctor.
You can also discuss your results with a
genetic counselor (this link takes you to a page managed by the National Society of
Genetic Counselors to find a genetic counselor near you: http://www.aboutgeneticcounselors.com/).
Genetic Health Risk reports are intended to provide you with
genetic information to inform conversations with a healthcare
professional. These reports should not be used to make medical
decisions. Always consult with a healthcare professional before
taking any medical action.
You will be asked whether you want to receive certain Genetic Health Risk reports
You will be asked whether you want to receive certain Genetic Health Risk reports
Some of our reports are about serious diseases that may not have an effective treatment or
cure. Others may have effective treatment or prevention options, but these actions may carry
their own health risks. You may be upset by learning about genetic risks for these diseases, and
about genetic risks for family members who share DNA. If you tend to feel anxious or have a
personal history of depression or anxiety, this information may be more likely to be
upsetting. Knowing about genetic risks
could also affect your ability to get some kinds of insurance.
You can choose to exclude the following reports individually from your account before your results
are returned to you:
BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants)
Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
If you are interested in receiving these reports, we recommend that you consult with a genetic
counselor before purchasing. Additional relevant information about these reports will be
provided when you go through the process of setting your report preferences, after registering
your kit.
What to know about: BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants)and our test
Specific genetic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of developing certain cancers, including breast cancer (in women and men) and ovarian cancer. These variants may also be associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer and certain other cancers. This test includes three genetic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that are most common in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated cancer risks
Women with a variant have a 45-85% chance of developing breast cancer by age 70 and up to a 46% chance of developing ovarian cancer by age 70.
Men with a variant have up to an 8% lifetime risk of developing male breast cancer and may have an increased risk for prostate cancer.
Men and women with a variant may also have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer and melanoma.
When cancers develop
In general, the chances of developing cancer increase as a person gets older. However, women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant have an increased risk for early-onset breast cancer. Men with a variant may develop earlier and more aggressive prostate cancer.
Screening and prevention
Guidelines recommend that women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 variant should be screened for breast cancer earlier and more often. Risk-reducing surgery or medication may also be offered. Men with a variant should be screened for breast cancer. Screening guidelines for prostate cancer vary. This test is not a substitute for visits to a healthcare professional for recommended screenings. Results should be confirmed in a clinical setting before taking any medical action. It is important to talk with a healthcare professional before taking any medical action.
What do we test?
We test for three specific genetic variants: the 185delAG and 5382insC variants in the BRCA1 gene and the 6174delT variant in the BRCA2 gene. These variants are associated with an increased risk of developing certain cancers.
We do not test for all possible variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. More than 1,000 variants in these genes are known to increase cancer risk.
This test does not include variants in other genes linked to hereditary cancers.
Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in the general population is not currently recommended by any healthcare professional organizations.
Important ethnicities
The three variants included in this test are most commonly found in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
In 23andMe customers of other ethnicities, between 0% and 0.1% of individuals has one of the three variants in this report.
This test does not include most of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants found in people of other ethnicities. Therefore, a "variants not detected" result is less informative for people with no Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Age-Related Macular Degenerationand our test
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss among older adults. The disease results in damage to the central part of the retina (the macula), impairing vision needed for reading, driving, or even recognizing faces. This test includes the two most common variants associated with an increased risk of developing the condition.
Typical signs and symptoms
Blurred or distorted vision
Vision loss
Yellow fatty deposits in the retina called "drusen"
Blood or fluid leakage in the retina
Other factors that influence risk
Smoking
Age
Family history
Ethnicity
Diet
When symptoms develop
AMD is rarely diagnosed in people under the age of 50. Vision loss related to AMD usually becomes noticeable in a person's 60s or 70s and tends to worsen over time.
How it's treated
There is currently no known prevention or cure for AMD. Having regular eye exams can help detect early signs of the condition. Progression of AMD can be slowed with the use of certain treatments and medications.
What do we test?
Tests for the Y402H variant in the CFH gene and the A69S variant in the ARMS2 gene associated with an increased risk of developing AMD.
Genetic testing for AMD is not currently recommended by any healthcare professional organizations.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are common in many ethnicities, but are best studied in people of European descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiencyand our test
AAT deficiency is a genetic condition that can lead to lung and liver disease. It is caused by decreased levels of the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein. This test includes the two most common variants linked to this deficiency.
Potential signs and symptoms of AAT deficiency
Shortness of breath and wheezing
Chronic cough
Recurrent lung infections
Lung disease, including emphysema
Liver disease, including cirrhosis
Other factors that increase risk
Genetic variants are the only risk factor for AAT deficiency. In people with
genetic risk variants, the chances of developing symptoms of AAT deficiency depend
on lifestyle, environment, and other factors.
Smoking
Occupational and other exposures
Personal or family history of lung disease
Viral infections
When symptoms develop
Because it is a genetic condition, AAT deficiency is present at birth. Symptoms of lung disease usually appear later in life, and age of onset is strongly affected by smoking. Some people may never have symptoms of lung disease, especially if they don't smoke. Liver problems may develop anytime from infancy to adulthood.
How it's treated
There is currently no known cure. People with AAT deficiency are encouraged to avoid smoking and consider getting certain vaccinations. For those with symptoms, treatment focuses on management of lung and liver problems. Direct replacement of the AAT protein into the blood may be used to slow the progression of lung disease. Lung and liver transplants may be beneficial in some cases.
What do we test?
Tests for the PI*Z and PI*S variants in the SERPINA1 gene linked to AAT deficiency.
Testing for genetic variants associated with AAT deficiency is recommended under certain circumstances by several health professional organizations, including the American Thoracic Society.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are most common and best studied in people of European descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Celiac Diseaseand our test
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition in which the consumption of gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye) can result in damage to the small intestine. Celiac disease can lead to both digestive and non-digestive problems. This test includes two common variants associated with an increased risk of developing this condition.
Typical signs and symptoms
Diarrhea, gas, and bloating
Poor appetite
Skin rashes
Fatigue
Anemia
Headache
Other factors that influence risk
Gluten
Family history
Other conditions
When symptoms develop
Celiac disease can develop anytime from infancy to adulthood, most commonly between the ages of 10 and 40. In people with celiac disease, symptoms occur after consuming gluten.
How it's treated
Celiac disease can be effectively treated by removing all sources of gluten from the diet. This includes foods and drinks made with wheat, barley, and rye.
What do we test?
Tests for variants near the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes linked to the HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes. These haplotypes are associated with celiac disease.
Genetic testing for celiac disease is recommended under certain circumstances by several health professional organizations, including the American College of Gastroenterology.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are common in many ethnicities, but are best studied in people of European descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: G6PD Deficiencyand our test
G6PD deficiency is a common genetic condition caused by defects in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or G6PD. The G6PD enzyme helps protect red blood cells from damage. In people with G6PD deficiency, red blood cells are destroyed upon exposure to certain environmental triggers, which can lead to episodes of anemia. This test includes the most common variant linked to G6PD deficiency in people of African descent.
Typical signs and symptoms
Anemia
Dark urine
Fatigue
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Other factors that influence risk
Certain medications
Certain infections
Certain foods
When symptoms develop
Because it is a genetic condition, G6PD deficiency is present at birth. However, people with this condition typically don't develop symptoms unless they are exposed to certain triggering factors. Many people with G6PD deficiency never develop symptoms.
How it's treated
Most people with G6PD deficiency do not require treatment. People with G6PD deficiency often manage their condition by avoiding certain medications and foods that may trigger symptoms. If a person is exposed to a trigger and develops anemia, symptoms usually clear up on their own. However, in some cases patients may require a blood transfusion.
What do we test?
Tests for the Val68Met variant in the G6PD gene linked to G6PD deficiency.
Genetic testing for G6PD deficiency in adults in the general population is not currently recommended by any healthcare professional organizations.
Relevant ethnicities
The variant included in this test is most common and best studied in people of African descent.
This variant is also found in populations with African ancestry, like Hispanics or Latinos.
This test does not include variants that are more common in people of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, Asian, or Kurdish Jewish descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE‑Related)and our test
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic condition characterized by absorption of too much dietary iron. This may lead to iron overload, which can cause damage to the joints and certain organs, such as the liver, skin, heart, and pancreas. This test includes the two most common variants linked to this condition.
Typical signs and symptoms
Joint and abdominal pain
Fatigue and weakness
Darkening of the skin
Liver disease
Heart disease
Diabetes
Other factors that influence risk
Age
Sex
Alcohol consumption
Diet
When symptoms develop
Because it is a genetic condition, hereditary hemochromatosis is present at birth. Many people with this condition never develop iron overload. Of those who do develop iron overload, only a small number develop symptoms. If men develop symptoms, they typically appear between 40 and 60 years of age. Women rarely develop symptoms, and when they do it tends to be after menopause.
How it's treated
People with hereditary hemochromatosis are typically monitored for symptoms or complications. Iron overload related to hereditary hemochromatosis is a treatable condition. In some patients, having blood drawn on a regular basis can help lower iron levels. People with iron overload are encouraged to avoid drinking alcohol to minimize liver damage and to limit intake of iron-rich food.
What do we test?
Tests for the C282Y and the H63D variants in the HFE gene linked to hereditary hemochromatosis.
Genetic testing for hereditary hemochromatosis is recommended under certain circumstances by several health professional organizations, including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are best studied in people of European descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Hereditary Thrombophiliaand our test
Hereditary thrombophilia is a predisposition to developing harmful blood clots. These harmful blood clots most commonly form in the legs and can travel to the lungs. This test includes the two most common variants linked to hereditary thrombophilia.
Typical signs and symptoms of harmful blood clots
Pain, tenderness, swelling, or redness in one or both legs
Chest pain
Difficulty breathing
Hereditary thrombophilia may also be associated with recurrent late pregnancy loss in some women.
Other risk factors for harmful blood clots
Major surgery
Age
Prolonged immobility
Oral contraceptives
Obesity
When symptoms develop
Hereditary thrombophilia is genetic, but the risk of developing harmful blood clots increases with age and other factors.
How it's treated
Hereditary thrombophilia typically does not require any ongoing treatment. In some cases medications can be used to prevent harmful blood clots from forming. Medications and surgery can also be used to break up existing clots.
What do we test?
Tests for the Factor V Leiden variant in the F5 gene and the Prothrombin G20210A variant in the F2 gene linked to hereditary thrombophilia.
Testing for genetic variants associated with hereditary thrombophilia is recommended by ACMG under certain circumstances. This test includes the two variants recommended for testing by ACMG.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are most common and best studied in people of European descent.
These variants are also found in populations with European ancestry, like African Americans and Hispanics or Latinos.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Late-Onset Alzheimer's Diseaseand our test
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of Alzheimer's disease, developing after age 65. Many factors, including genetics, can influence a person's chances of developing the condition. This test includes the most common genetic variant associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Typical signs and symptoms
Memory loss that worsens over time
Mood and personality changes
Trouble planning or solving problems
Confusion with place or time
Difficulty performing daily life activities
Other factors that influence risk
Age
Sex
Family history
Heart health
Diet
Intellectual activity
When symptoms develop
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease develops after 65 years of age.
How it's treated
There is currently no known prevention or cure for Alzheimer's disease. Medication may be used to delay or ease symptoms.
What do we test?
Tests for the ε4 variant in the APOE gene associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
This test does not identify or report on the ε2 and ε3 variants of the APOE gene. These variants are not associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Genetic testing for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is not currently recommended by any healthcare professional organizations.
Relevant ethnicities
The ε4 variant included in this test is found and has been studied in many ethnicities. Detailed risk estimates have been studied the most in people of European descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
What to know about: Parkinson's Diseaseand our test
Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremor, muscle stiffness, and problems with movement. Many factors, including genetics, can influence a person's chances of developing Parkinson's disease. This test includes two genetic variants associated with increased risk of developing the condition.
Typical signs and symptoms
Tremor
Muscle stiffness
Slow movements
Problems with balance
Memory loss in some cases
Other factors that influence risk
Age
Sex
Family history
Exposure to certain chemicals
When symptoms develop
Parkinson's disease typically develops in adulthood, after 55 years of age.
How it's treated
There is currently no known prevention or cure for Parkinson's disease. Certain medications may be used to delay or ease symptoms. Speech, physical, and occupational therapies may also help with symptom management.
What do we test?
Tests for the G2019S variant in the LRRK2 gene and the N370S variant in the GBA gene associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
Genetic testing for Parkinson's disease is not currently recommended by any healthcare professional organizations.
Relevant ethnicities
The variants included in this test are most common and best studied in people of European, Ashkenazi Jewish, and North African Berber descent.
Test performance summary
Accuracy was determined by comparing results from this test with results from sequencing.
Greater than 99% of test results were correct. While unlikely, this test may provide false
positive or false negative results. For more details on the analytical performance of this
test, refer to the
package insert.
We encourage you to learn more so you can decide whether testing is right
for you. A genetic counselor, a healthcare professional with special
training in genetic conditions, will be able to answer your specific
questions and help you make an informed decision.
Genetic counselors can help you navigate common questions, such as:
What are the risks and benefits of testing?
Are there diseases that run in the family?
How do you handle potentially distressing information?
What are you hoping to find out from genetic testing?
Talk to your healthcare provider or click here to search for a genetic counselor near
you (this link takes you to a page managed by the National Society of Genetic Counselors:
http://www.aboutgeneticcounselors.com/).
0 Variants
You do not have the variant(s) we tested. There is still a chance that
you could have a variant not covered by this test.
1 Variant**
You are a carrier and could pass the variant on to each of your
children.
2 Variants***
You will most likely pass a variant on to each of your children.
Result not determined
Your result could not be determined.
* For some reports, a customer may receive a result indicating that they have two copies of a variant. In these cases, the customer will pass a variant on to each of his or her children.
** For some reports, customers with one copy of a variant will also be told that they are at risk for developing symptoms of the condition.
*** For some reports, customers with two variants (or two copies of a variant) will also be told that they are at risk for developing symptoms of the condition.
What to do with the results:
Have a family history of a genetic condition? Planning to have children?
Share your results with your doctor and discuss further testing options.
You can also discuss your results with a
genetic counselor (this link takes you to a page managed by the National Society of
Genetic Counselors to find a genetic counselor near you: http://www.aboutgeneticcounselors.com/).
Consider sharing your results with relatives.
Your information – as well as knowing their own carrier
status – may be useful to them.
Changing your location to a region outside the EU may impact how your information is processed. Keep in mind EU data protection laws may no longer apply.
Our product is available in English only, and due to the applicable regulations it may only be ordered by customers with shipping addresses in the following countries. If your country is not listed, please visit the International site. (or please visit 23andMe's International site.)
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